India’s decision to place the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) in abeyance has raised concerns over water security, agriculture, and livelihoods for millions of people dependent on the Indus Basin, according to discussions at a UN Human Rights Council side event in Geneva.

The October 2 event brought together legal experts, researchers, diplomats, and civil society representatives to discuss transboundary water management, climate resilience, and human rights.

Speakers highlighted the importance of the Indus River system to communities across the region, particularly for drinking water, agriculture, food production, and livelihoods. They argued that shared rivers should be managed through dialogue, scientific cooperation, and established legal mechanisms.

The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), which administers proceedings related to the treaty, has determined that the agreement remains in force despite India’s decision to place it in abeyance. India has rejected the arbitration process, while Pakistan has cited the court’s position in support of its stance.

The Geneva discussion also examined how climate change, population growth, environmental degradation, and rising freshwater demand are increasing pressure on shared river systems.

Participants stressed the need to preserve mechanisms for dialogue and dispute resolution as tensions between India and Pakistan continue.